Wednesday, January 28, 2015

GRCh38: Patching the ABO gene

GRCh38 has started receiving patch updates, and this blog post describes a FIX patch to the ABO gene, located on chr. 9. You might have been aware that the GRC released a FIX patch to ABO for GRCh37. So why is there an ABO FIX patch for GRCh38 as well?

In GRCh37, the ABO gene was annotated on sequence derived from two RP11 library clones, AL732364.9 (RP11-244N20) and AL158826.23 (RP11-430N14). However, the RP11 library is derived from a diploid genome and analysis demonstrated that the two sequenced clones represented two different Type O ABO alleles. As a result, the GRCh37 chr.9  representation of ABO was an invalid haplotype for the gene (Fig. 1, top panel).
Fig. 1 Top: ABO region in GRCh37. The gene is derived from 2 components, resulting in an invalid  haplotype not seen in any individuals. Bottom: ABO fix patch. The gene is derived from a single component and represents a known Type O haplotype.


To address this issue, we identified a clone from the CalTech human BAC library D that captures the complete ABO gene (CTD-2612A24). The sequence for this clone was finished (AL772161.10) and inserted into the chr. 9 tiling path, replacing RP11 component AL158826.23. By setting the switch points between AL732364.9 (RP11-244N20) and AL772161.10 (CTD-2612A24) so that the full insert sequence of the new component contributed to the scaffold, we were able to provide a complete and valid ABO Type A1.02 representation for the gene. Thus update was provided as a FIX patch scaffold (GL339450.1) for GRCh37. (Fig.1, bottom panel).

Unfortunately, this update is not reflected in GRCh38. Subsequent to the final GRCh37 patch release (GRCh37.p13) and the release of GRCh38, the sequence to RP11-244N20 was updated (AL732364.10) and inserted into the chr. 9 tiling path. The switch points between the updated sequence AL732364.10 and AL772161.10 were set incorrectly (Fig. 2). This resulted in an invalid haplotypic representation for ABO. Whereas the GRCh37 representation was a Type O/O mix, in GRCh38 it is a Type A/O mix.
Fig.2 Top: ABO fix patch. Gene is derived from a single component. Bottom: ABO region in GRCh38. The gene is derived from 2 components, creating an invalid haplotype. This is fixed by the GRCh38 FIX patch.

The GRCh38 FIX patch scaffold KN196479.1 corrects this switch point and provides the same single haplotype representation for ABO that was present in the GRCh37 FIX patch scaffold. This re-patching of the ABO gene again restores the functionality of the gene with the valid Type A1.02 haplotype.


3 comments:

  1. "Some of (Ray Ban New Wayfarer Polarized) these refugees experienced been heading to Belgium or perhaps even Sweden; Several people becoming deserted while this particular language just with your smuggler, These Michel Roziere, Who (New Jordan Releases 2020) along the NGO, Revivre,They could be recycled (Coach Outlet Store Online) addicted to driving in this article, He was quoted saying. "Throughout the two a long that our asylum require might take you[From act], Asylum searchers don't provide access to every thing: Not at all swedish classes for fitness, N' budget work, Rarely are to be able to work. Prior to others get a domain (New Yeezys 2020) on the inside england, They're prohibited to access the medicinal circle or.

    It's difficult to say Nebraska will be successful a national title on the variety of criminal crime many trot. (Jordan Shoes For Sale Online) The development for hitting (Coach Outlet Online) a Nebraska crew could be

    ReplyDelete
  2. Website: (https://emutemple.wordpress.com/  I was born and raised in a small town on Long Island in New York. I live there today with my wife and three wonderful children. I want to testify of how I was cured from prostate cancer by Dr Emu. I was on hormone therapy for advanced prostate cancer. At first I was having lots of signs and symptoms like excessive urine at midnight and also I was experiencing dribbling of urine all the time I was going through hell I search for a cure☑ on the internet I came to know about Dr Emu I saw lots of testimonies of how he cures diseases like *Prostate Cancer *Herpes  Virus *Genital herpes *Hiv/Aids*Breast Cancer and more am happy am cured thanks to Dr Emu I recommend Dr Emu roots and herbs as best natural herbal medicine with no side effects. For consultation and more contact him via Email: (emutemple@gmail.com) (emutemple@yahoo.com) WhatsApp or call +2347012841542 

    ReplyDelete
  3. Hi friends!
    I am Lucy Donald by name and i want to use this great opportunity to share with you some great and amazing testimony of how i was cured from HERPES Virus with the help of Dr Ehimare Herbal Medicine.
    Over 2 years now i have been suffering and living in pain with this deadly virus Herpes, fear grew in my mind everyday as i heard there is no cure for it, but to me i knew that medical drugs was not the only option in treating viruses and infection, my greatest problem was that i was stocked in pain as the symptoms has circulated over my body.
    Few Months ago i decided to get more information online concerning herpes,and while i was surfing the web, i came across some great testimonials from various people on how Dr Ehimare has been using his herbal medicine to cure different disease, at first i was shocked as i have never heard of such thing before, and also i doubted if it was true as it never came up on media, these people gave out the email address of Dr Ehimare and advised we contact him for any problem, though i was doubting him i decided to put a test on it, moreover it was the fist time for me to hear something like that, i copied the email address of Dr Ehimare and i sent him a message about my health status and i also requested for his medicine in order for me to get good health, he gave me a responded after some hours and he told me the procedure involved in order for me to get his medicine, he also said to me he was going to send me some herbal liquid medicine which was gactually went to the hospital on Friday to do some test on my blood and after 3 days the result came out that i was completely free from HERPES, still many people will not believe this, but it did really works.
    Dr Ehimare is a brave man and he is set to answer all human disease, today i am living in good health as just with a test i conquered my pain and sorrow, Please you can contact Dr Ehimare for any problem with the email below: drehimare3@gmail.com or whatsapp on +1 (267) 691-1087

    ReplyDelete